Some Vocabulary – Organic Chemistry

• Achiral –lacking handedness – a molecules is achiral if it is superimposable on its mirror image.

• Addition reaction – the reaction wheretwo reactants combine to form a single new product – typically the addition of a halogen, hydrogen, HCl to a double bond.

• Aromatic – a class of compounds that contain a benzene-like six-membered ring with three apparent double bonds.

• Carbocation – a carbon cation or a carbon which makes three covelent bonds and has only six valence electrons in outer energy level. Has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

• Chiral – Handed.  A molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image.

• Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) – stereoisomers (same connection of atoms) that differ in their arrangement in

space about a double bond or ring.

• Dehydration reaction – elimination of water from an alcohol to form an alkene.

• Electrophile – an electron-poor molecule or anion that can accept an electron pair from an electron-rich molecule or  cation.

• Enantiomers – stereoisomers (same connection of atoms) whose mirror images are non-superimposable.

• Functional  group – an atom or group of atoms that is part of a larger molecule and has a characteristic chemical  reactivity.

• Mechanism – a complete step-by-step description of how a reaction happens.  The movement of a pair of electrons as the  reaction occurs, is represeted by the complete arrows.

• Nylon – a polymer with many amide linkages prepared by the reaction between a diacid and a diamine.

• Nucleophile – an electron-rich molecule or anion that can donate an electron pair to an electron-poor molecule or cation.

• Nucleophilic substitution reaction – a substitution reaction in which one nucleophile replaces another.

• Optical activity – the ability of a molecule in solution to rotate plane-polarized light.

• Plane-polarized light – ordinary light that its electric vectors in a single plane rather than in random planes.

• Polyester – a polymer with many ester linkages prepared by the reaction between a diacid and a dialcohol.

• Racemic mixture – a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers of a chiral substances – shows no optical activity.

• Free Radical – a highly reactive neutral atom or molecule which has an odd number of electrons.

• Resonance forms – representations of a molecule that differ only in where the bonding electrons are placed.

• Stereochemistry – the branch of chemistry concerned with the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules.

• Structural isomers –molecules with the same molecular formula but whose atoms are connected by covalent bonds in a different order.

Students solutions means to work for students problems.

Common problem which a child/student face …

(a)Apathy towards study.

(b) Often getting confused while selecting a proper stream of academics that is suitable to

their intellectual capabilities.

(c) Frequently changing moods, therefore unable to concentrate the studies.

(d) Storming mind, that often mislead them in selecting best option available.

(e) Confused state of mind, which may delay decision making.

(f) Getting blank while attempting the exam papers and unable to recall it again.

(g)Habit of anticipating failure, even before starting work on the task.

(h) Escapism tendencies, often owing to non-interesting stream of academics; forcibly

imposed by the parents.

(i)Habit of finding excuses, so as to avoid studies on that pretext; also very slow in grasping.

(j) Fear of exams.

(j) Habit of finding excuses, so as to avoid studies on that pretext; also very slow in grasping.

(k) Habitual in lagging behind during examinations on the pretext of lack of time.

(l) Lack of self-confidence while appearing for exams, competitions.

(M) Excessive addiction of Internet chatting.

For Any Query Contact-

New BATCHES of PICS INSTITUTE will start as –
(a) Class XII – 27th September 2011.

(b) Class XI – 3rd October 2011

(c) Foundation Course for IIT , PMT , AIEEE & NDA – Numericals only.
(b) CRASH COURSE – 26th March 2012

Several major Type O blood shortages, including crises at the National Institutes of Health highlight the importance of creating a versatile blood type. In the rare instance that someone receives a transfusion of the wrong type, deadly reactions (caused by sugar molecules on the surfaces of red blood cells) can cause the immune system to go haywire.
Henrik Clausen, a professor at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, published research in Nature describing a way to convert any kind of blood into Type O — the type that almost anyone can tolerate. He discovered enzymes that shear the problem-causing sugars from the surfaces of A, B and AB type red blood cells. Produced by bacteria, the molecular machines could theoretically turn any kind of blood into Type O.

The career options in chemistry are practically endless! However, your employment options depend on how far you have taken your education. A 2-year degree in chemistry won’t get you very far. You could work in some labs washing glassware or assist at a school with lab preparation, but you wouldn’t have much advancement potential and you could expect a high level of supervision. A college bachelor’s degree in chemistry (B.Sc) opens up more opportunities. A 4-year college degree can be used to gain admittance to advanced degree programs (e.g., graduate school, medical school, law school). With the bachelor’s degree, you can get a bench job, which would allow you to run equipment and prepare chemicals. A bachelor’s degree in chemistry or education (with a lot of chemistry) is necessary to teach at the high school level. A master’s degree in chemistry, chemical engineering, or other field opens up far more options. A terminal degree, such as a Ph.D. or M.D., leaves the field wide open. In the United States you need at least 18 graduate credit hours to teach at the college level (preferable a Ph.D.). Most scientists who design and supervise their own research programs have terminal degrees. Chemistry is a part of biology and physics, plus, there are lots of categories of chemistry! Here’s look at some of the career options related to chemistry: 

Chemistry 
Ethnobotany 
Environmental Law 
Patent Law 
Technical Writing 
Pharmaceuticals 
Oceanography 
Software Design 
Space Exploration 
Government Policy 
Forensic Science 
Biotechnology 
Metallurgy 
Ceramics Industry 
Plastics Industry 
Paper Industry 
Medicine 
Teaching 
Engineering 
Geochemistry 
Agrochemistry 
Military Systems 
This list isn’t remotely complete.U can work chemistry into any industrial, educational, scientific, or governmental field. Chemistry is a very versatile science. Mastery of chemistry is associated with excellent analytical and mathematical skills. Students of chemistry are able to solve problems n think things through.

SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES –
In physics, subatomic particles are the particles composing nucleons and atoms. There are two types of subatomic particles: elementary particles, which are not made of other particles, and composite particles. Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how they interact.
Elementary particles of the Standard Model include-
• Six “flavours” quarks: up, down, bottom, top, strange, and charm;
• Six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tauon, tauon neutrino;
• Twelve gauge bosons (force carriers): the photon of electromagnetism, the three W and Z bosons of the weak force, and the eight gluons of the strong force.
Composite subatomic particles (such as protons or atomic nuclei) are bound states of two or more elementary particles. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while the atomic nuclei of helium-4 is composed of two protons and two neutrons. Composite particles include all hadrons. These, in turn, are composed of baryons (e.g., protons and neutrons) and mesons (e.g., pions and kaons).
There are hundreds of known subatomic particles. Most are either the result of cosmic rays interacting with matter, or have been produced by scattering processes in particle accelerators.

An exotic atom is an otherwise normal atom in which one or more sub-atomic particles have been replaced by other particles of the same charge.
In a muonic atom, an electron is replaced by a muon, which, like the electron, is a lepton
In a pionic atom , an electron is replaced by pion.
A hadronic atom is an atom in which one or more of the orbital electrons has been replaced by a hadron.[3] Possible hadrons include mesons such as the pion or kaon, yielding a mesonic atom
An onium (plural: onia) is the bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. The classic onium is positronium, which consists of an electron and a positron bound together as a long-lived metastable state.
The muon (from the Greek letter mu (μ) used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of 1⁄2. Together with the electron, the tauon, and the three neutrinos, it is classified as a lepton. Muons have a mass of 105.7 MeV/c2, which is about 200 times the mass of the electrons.
a hadron (pronounced /ˈhædrɒn/, from the Greek: ἁδρός, hadrós, “stout, thick”) is one of the two groups of particles (the other being lepton). Hadron is the group containing all particles that interact with the strong force. Hadrons are held together by the strong force, similarly to how molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force. All hadrons are made up of quarks. There are two subsets of hadrons: baryons and mesons; the most well known baryons are protons and neutrons.
a pion (short for pi meson; denoted π) is any of three subatomic particles: π0, π+ and π−. Pions are the lightest mesons and play an important role in explaining low-energy properties of the strong nuclear force.

AIEEE represents main  Engineering Institutes in India. Different Institutes are conducting their test throughAIEEE. They have a set question which is designed by the prominent teacherss of conducting Institute.

Questions papers  are designed to let the student use brains and make proper use of studies. The questions are tricky but easy also. Students have to prepare a lot to take care of the test and then appear in the entrance for the choicest Institute.

AIEEE question are designed by prominent Professors. They are learned Professors and apt in their work. It is not easy to attempt the question papers until unless the student is not well-versed with the subjects. Students attempting for AIEEE should prepare the subjects thoroughly to appear with full preparations for the entrance test.

AIEEE question is based on theXI – XII-th standard syllabus of three main subjects – Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. The subjects included are just three in number but there is lot to study before appearing to attempt the tricky question papers. Students always prefer to take regular coaching classes to attempt the question papers correctly. Regular coaching classes are conducted by many Institutes and many schools also. These classes help the student to work regularly and constantly and take-up the assignment well.

Students with lesser percentage will have to be satisfied with left-over Institutes. But that is better than failing in the entrance-test altogether.

AIEEE question are tricky but easy. Once the student has thorough knowledge of the subject, then only the question paper can be solved with ease.

In today’s competitive world  where everyone is running after success  people find it difficult to understand what they should do to get on the top. Many children with great potential often face failures. The main reason behind this is the improper  management of one’s time and capabilities.

               A great poet once very beautifully quoted,

“ Spring is past , summer has gone and spring is here again, and the song that I meant to sing remains unsung.”

So , we can’t get success until we realize the need of time management and apply it in our daily routine . Time management  is  basically   a very vast concept . But for our young generations , the most important lesson is to prepare a time schedule of their day . Every thing that happens in a day should be properly planned before hand.

Firstly , a student should prepare a list of priorities & his weak & strong points . All these things should be given a place in their time table accordingly . Student should also take care to add regular breaks between their study hours & must include outdoor activities in their daily schedule. Proper diet and nutrition should  be strictly taken care of these activities . We must never forget to spare sometime to worship. We should start each day with a short prayer and thank God at the end of each day for his blessings.

Other then these things , students should also be equally aware of outside world. Everyone should go through newspapers as they are an ocean of knowledge . English communication  is also a very important aspect required for success.

We  should recognize our possibilities and strive achieve the best along with  our mental development personality development should never be neglected . All these small yet important  activities should be a part of our schedule.

Time is our best friend as well as our worst enemy .We need to choose what we think of it. Proper  management of time makes life disciplined and easygoing. A little bit of struggle in the beginning can be very fruitful  for  the future.

Summing up I just want to say

“ LIFE IS A CLIMB

                             BUT THE VIEW  IS GREAT”

By-

     Ms. Geetanjli Grover

Principal – Bright scholar School , sonepat.

New Year’s offers everyone — students included—a brand-new start. And just in case some of you are still in the market for New Year’s resolutions, we’d like to respectfully recommend that you make 2010 the year in which you resolve not to be a:

1. School or College tourist. Some students think they’ll show up for class only when the spirit moves them. And when they do deign to appear, these students wind up zoning out anyway, never bothering to take a single note and even dozing off here and there. Being a tourist might be great in abroad, but when you miss 20 percent of the classes and all the info and hints the teacher drops about papers and tests, your trip in school or college isn’t going to be the yellow brick road.

2. 24-7 partyer. For some students, the weekend starts on Thursday and finally winds down on Monday.  Sure, nothing wrong with a bit of fun now and then, but you’re at school to learn, right?

3. Grade grubber. Some students are focused, like a laser beam, only on the grade. They go to the teacher to argue after losing half a point on a short-answer test and dispute like a mad dog when a friend who didn’t work nearly as hard scored 3 points higher on a paper. But being so obsessed with grades robs you of any enjoyment at school and can backfire when you irritate your teacherr into nit-picking your grade downward.

4. Constant complainer. For some students, everything is 100 percent wrong, 100 percent of the time. The classes are too big, the teachers too boring, that material too irrelevant, the social scene too lame … (the problems are limited only by the whiner’s imagination). Yes, schools can have all of these problems, but you only make it worse by putting your energies into being negative instead of taking action to make things better. Since it’s a new year, you might consider changing your major (yours for the price of an administrative form), joining a new team or club (how about the intramural luge team or the middle-of-the-road Democrats against healthcare), or making a new friend or finding a new partner (you know how to do that).

5. Procrastinator. That’s someone who does no job before its time and always puts off today what can be done tomorrow. Inevitably, at some point in the class (usually right at test time), the procrastinator morphs into the cramster: the student who has only one night to study 15 weeks’ worth of material or to write a 20-page term paper that was assigned eons ago. Funny how that usually doesn’t turn out so well.

6. Corner cutter. Some students always try to get by with the minimum amount of work needed, or sometimes even less than the minimum. There’s a four- to six-page paper assignment? Maybe three pages would do the trick, with two words trailing onto the top of Page 4. Two hundred pages of reading? Only if it’s guaranteed to be on the test. A 15-minute seminar presentation? Maybe I could prepare 8 minutes’ worth and just talk slowly. But think about it for a second. When you cut corners, you’re only cheating yourself, especially since you’re paying full cost for an education that will end up being worth about 20 cents on the INR after all the corners have been cut.

7. Parasite. Some students are always leaching off someone else. If they’re not on the mobile five times a day to their parents , they’re depending on their study group to help them solve every math problem. Or in the worst case, they’re getting their smartest friend to do their homework for them. Look, there’s nothing wrong with using a lifeline once in a while, but if you’re always transferring the responsibility—and the work—to someone else, you’re defeating the whole point of school, which is to be in charge of your own learning and do your own work.

8. An- -appreciater. Here’s one you know: someone who always relies on charm to get ahead. While everyone else is rushing for the exits after class, this person is rushing to the front of the class to gush about how great the lecture was. Come the test, he or she is putting smiley faces at the end of the paper with the inscription “I just LOVE this class!!!” And barely an office hour will go by without this student coming by with loads of questions, all designed to show how engaged in the class he or she is. Sure, teachers enjoy kind words, but there’s a thin line between complimenting and laying it on too thick.

9. Going rogue-er. Some students feel compelled to say whatever’s on their mind (student to teacher: “When will this class get better?”) and to do whatever they want, even if that means completely disregarding the teacher’s instructions, not bothering to read the comments when the paper is returned, or taking whatever courses they want regardless of the requirements. Unfortunately (for the rogue), college is a pretty organized and rule-governed sort of place. Don’t follow the instructions? Get a C plus. Ignore the comments? Another C plus. Lacking requirements? No degree on time. You get the idea.

10. Superhero. Some students are always “supersizing,” as a result either of their own bravado (“I’m God, I can do anything”) or because of their own indecisiveness (“I can’t choose one, so I’ll do all”). Such folk sign up for 21 hours of credits when 15 is the norm. They take not one but three majors and sometimes a minor to boot, all while working full time. Maybe you know one person who can actually handle all this. After all, someone does win the lottery. But it’s not likely to be you.

Most important of all, resolve not to be a:

Put-yourself-down-er. It’s easy to fall into frequent self-criticism:

“I can’t do this.”

“I’m not as smart as my brother (or sister or dad or mom).”

“I’ll never get better than a 60-70% -marks average.”

“Now that I think of it, I’m not really cut out for college, at all.”

But look, it’s a new year, a new class going to start. Start this one out with a better, more positive attitude, and you’re sure to see better results.

Best wishes for a happy and successful New Year from PICS.